• Projects
  • Photographers
  • Books
Logo
Log in
Logo

Newsletter. No ads. Just Art.

Explore

  • Projects
  • Photographers
  • Books

About

  • Our Mission
  • F.A.Q.
  • Partners

Connect

  • Contact Us
  • Submit Your Project
  • Donate

Policies

  • Copyright Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use

The Encyclopedia of the Art of Photography

    Dreams

    • Grete Stern (1904-1999)

    An editorial series of reader-submitted dreams, presented as photomontages.

    Description

    Dreams (Spanish: Sueños) by Grete Stern comprises 140 weekly photomontages made in Argentina from 1948 to 1951 for Idilio magazine's dream-interpretation page, centering on dreams submitted largely by its female readership.


    The commission paired Stern with sociologist Gino Germani, who directed the literary and interpretive component under the pseudonym Richard Rest and supplied readers' narratives, sometimes with visual instructions. Made during the first Peronist period, the series brings avant-garde montage, popularized psychoanalysis, and mass publishing into contact. Its recurring concern is a middle-class woman in conflict with domestic expectations, romantic desire, work, and prescribed femininity. Stern described her purpose in editorial and formal terms, while later scholars have read the pictures' irony as unsettling the magazine's more conventional models of womanhood.


    Across the black-and-white images, the dreamer is present either as a female figure or through the camera's viewpoint. Domestic interiors, appliances, bottles, trains, water, eyes, flowers, and celestial space meet through abrupt superimposition. Women shrink, float, become enclosed, or confront outsized objects, producing shifts among anxiety, absurdity, and humor. The compositions distort scale and perspective yet remain legible for a weekly magazine. In Botella del mar, for example, a seated girl appears inside a real bottle against clouds and a beach.


    These incongruities arose from Stern's earlier graphic-design and montage practice. Working under weekly deadlines at home, she began with pencil sketches, then combined archived negatives with photographs made for each assignment. She enlarged and cut components, pasted them into arrangements, added graphic accents, retouched details, and rephotographed the assembly. At times she spaced elements on glass, sticks, or cardboard like a stage, using distance, focus, light, and shadow to shape the image.


    Initially encountered within Idilio, Dreams gained popular visibility but little contemporary art-critical attention. It was first shown autonomously at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata in the mid-1950s, followed by a 1967 Buenos Aires exhibition. Recognition grew from the 1980s onward through exhibitions including IVAM in 1995–96 and later MALBA presentations. Because Editorial Abril discarded the original collage boards and Stern retained only 46 reproduction negatives, later accounts depended on both prints and surviving magazine pages. The 2003 CEPPA publication reconstructed all 140 works, reinforcing the series' understanding as both photographic art and a hybrid product of psychoanalysis, editorial design, and mass culture.

    Behind the work

    Stern produced one photomontage for every weekly issue from no. 1 through no. 140, composing and delivering each under a weekly magazine deadline.

    The series was largely made in Stern’s home-studio in Ramos Mejía, using family members, friends, neighbours, household clothing and domestic settings.

    Stern sometimes built her montages like miniature stage sets, separating components on glass sheets, sticks and cardboard so she could control their distance, focus, lighting and shadows before photographing the arrangement.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "First I prepare a sketch, a pencil drawing that indicates the layout and the photographic elements that will make up the montage. I prefer this system, which allows me to decide visually, not intellectually, moving and exchanging the photographic elements until I achieve a composition that satisfies me."

    "For me, in any case, photography is a medium through which I express myself."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Experimental ,Staged ,Conceptual
    theme
    Dreams ,Mass Media ,Femininity ,Gender Identity , Social Critique ,Parody ,Perception & Reality ,Absurdity ,Mental Health ,Vulnerability
    technique
    Photomontage ,Collage ,Black-and-White ,Layered Composition ,Perspective Distortion ,Narrative Staging ,Artistic Retouching ,Set Construction ,Props ,Tonal and Color Effects ,Gelatin Silver Print ,Drawn Elements ,Studio Lighting ,Visual Puns
    influence
    Surrealism ,Avant-Garde ,Bauhaus ,Modernism ,Dadaism ,Symbolism
    period
    1940s ,1950s
    location
    Argentina

    Credits: A limited image selection is reproduced for analysis, commentary, and research under Article 24(1)(3) of the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act. Suggest an Edit

    Dreams

    • Grete Stern (1904-1999)

    An editorial series of reader-submitted dreams, presented as photomontages.

    Description

    Dreams (Spanish: Sueños) by Grete Stern comprises 140 weekly photomontages made in Argentina from 1948 to 1951 for Idilio magazine's dream-interpretation page, centering on dreams submitted largely by its female readership.


    The commission paired Stern with sociologist Gino Germani, who directed the literary and interpretive component under the pseudonym Richard Rest and supplied readers' narratives, sometimes with visual instructions. Made during the first Peronist period, the series brings avant-garde montage, popularized psychoanalysis, and mass publishing into contact. Its recurring concern is a middle-class woman in conflict with domestic expectations, romantic desire, work, and prescribed femininity. Stern described her purpose in editorial and formal terms, while later scholars have read the pictures' irony as unsettling the magazine's more conventional models of womanhood.


    Across the black-and-white images, the dreamer is present either as a female figure or through the camera's viewpoint. Domestic interiors, appliances, bottles, trains, water, eyes, flowers, and celestial space meet through abrupt superimposition. Women shrink, float, become enclosed, or confront outsized objects, producing shifts among anxiety, absurdity, and humor. The compositions distort scale and perspective yet remain legible for a weekly magazine. In Botella del mar, for example, a seated girl appears inside a real bottle against clouds and a beach.


    These incongruities arose from Stern's earlier graphic-design and montage practice. Working under weekly deadlines at home, she began with pencil sketches, then combined archived negatives with photographs made for each assignment. She enlarged and cut components, pasted them into arrangements, added graphic accents, retouched details, and rephotographed the assembly. At times she spaced elements on glass, sticks, or cardboard like a stage, using distance, focus, light, and shadow to shape the image.


    Initially encountered within Idilio, Dreams gained popular visibility but little contemporary art-critical attention. It was first shown autonomously at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata in the mid-1950s, followed by a 1967 Buenos Aires exhibition. Recognition grew from the 1980s onward through exhibitions including IVAM in 1995–96 and later MALBA presentations. Because Editorial Abril discarded the original collage boards and Stern retained only 46 reproduction negatives, later accounts depended on both prints and surviving magazine pages. The 2003 CEPPA publication reconstructed all 140 works, reinforcing the series' understanding as both photographic art and a hybrid product of psychoanalysis, editorial design, and mass culture.

    Behind the work

    Stern produced one photomontage for every weekly issue from no. 1 through no. 140, composing and delivering each under a weekly magazine deadline.

    The series was largely made in Stern’s home-studio in Ramos Mejía, using family members, friends, neighbours, household clothing and domestic settings.

    Stern sometimes built her montages like miniature stage sets, separating components on glass sheets, sticks and cardboard so she could control their distance, focus, lighting and shadows before photographing the arrangement.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "First I prepare a sketch, a pencil drawing that indicates the layout and the photographic elements that will make up the montage. I prefer this system, which allows me to decide visually, not intellectually, moving and exchanging the photographic elements until I achieve a composition that satisfies me."

    "For me, in any case, photography is a medium through which I express myself."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Experimental ,Staged ,Conceptual
    theme
    Dreams ,Mass Media ,Femininity ,Gender Identity , Social Critique ,Parody ,Perception & Reality ,Absurdity ,Mental Health ,Vulnerability
    technique
    Photomontage ,Collage ,Black-and-White ,Layered Composition ,Perspective Distortion ,Narrative Staging ,Artistic Retouching ,Set Construction ,Props ,Tonal and Color Effects ,Gelatin Silver Print ,Drawn Elements ,Studio Lighting ,Visual Puns
    influence
    Surrealism ,Avant-Garde ,Bauhaus ,Modernism ,Dadaism ,Symbolism
    period
    1940s ,1950s
    location
    Argentina

    Credits: A limited image selection is reproduced for analysis, commentary, and research under Article 24(1)(3) of the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act. Suggest an Edit

    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams
    Grete Stern – Dreams

    Books

    upscaled cover image undefined
    Sueños
      upscaled cover image undefined
      Sueños
        upscaled cover image undefined
        Los Sueños

          Related Projects