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The Encyclopedia of the Art of Photography

    The Sweet Flypaper of Life

    • Roy DeCarava (1919-2009)

    Harlem community and family life in the late 1940s and early 1950s, presented through black-and-white photographs and fictional narration.

    Description

    The Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographed by Roy DeCarava in Harlem from the late 1940s through the early 1950s and published with a narrative by Langston Hughes in 1955, portrays Black family and community life.


    DeCarava conceived the Harlem photographs as a creative expression rather than a sociological survey. He sought to represent the strength, wisdom, and dignity of unnamed residents through work, domestic life, recreation, and neighborhood relationships. Made amid segregation, economic inequality, and the cultural legacy of the Great Migration, the project acknowledges hardship without reducing its subjects to social conditions.


    Black-and-white photographs follow residents through apartments, stoops, sidewalks, subways, parks, stores, vacant lots, parties, and political gatherings. Distant views position figures within Harlem's streets and architecture, while closer frames emphasize posture, gesture, and relationships. Compressed compositions, silhouettes, stillness, and simplified backgrounds recur throughout. Subtle gray tonalities and a narrow, deep-toned range preserve detail within shadows rather than producing stark contrast.


    The photographs emerged from DeCarava's hand-camera practice and his daily movement through Harlem, alongside repeated visits with local families. A 1952 Guggenheim Fellowship allowed him to leave commercial illustration for a year of concentrated photography. He worked in an improvised darkroom and printed his own photographs, with his practice characterized by the use of natural light and close control over the printing process.


    The Guggenheim Fellowship was the first awarded to an African American photographer. Before the book appeared, Shirley Embracing Sam was included in MoMA's 1955 exhibition The Family of Man. The publication received early commercial and critical attention and was later reissued in several languages and editions. Photographs from the book appeared in MoMA's 1996 traveling DeCarava retrospective, while Duke University Libraries presented the complete facsimile sequence in 2019. The 2018 Heritage Edition received a Paris Photo-Aperture PhotoBook Awards Jurors' Special Mention. Later scholarship has situated the work as an early precedent in Black photographic publishing and as a sustained model for the collaborative photo-text book.

    Behind the work

    The book grew out of a body of Harlem photographs that DeCarava had made over several years. After unsuccessfully seeking a publisher for the photographs, he contacted Langston Hughes in the summer of 1954 and showed him the work. Hughes then selected and sequenced the images, secured a publishing contract, and wrote the fictional narrative that shaped them into the collaborative photo-text book published in 1955.

    For the book, DeCarava gave Hughes about 500 photographs and unprecedented freedom to choose and order them. Hughes selected and sequenced the final images.

    DeCarava’s $3,500 Guggenheim Fellowship, paid in installments from April 1952, was less than his annual illustrator’s salary but let him leave that job for a full year of photography.

    The domestic photographs grew from repeated time with two Harlem families—the Murphys, with two children, and the Jameses, with five—rather than from one-off visits.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "I want to show the strength, the wisdom, the dignity of the Negro people. Not the famous and the well known, but the unknown and the unnamed."

    "The people in these photographs had no walls up. They just accepted me and permitted me to take their photographs without any self-consciousness."

    "I want to photograph Harlem through the Negro people."

    "I do not want a documentary or sociological statement—I want a creative expression."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Documentary ,Portrait ,Urban ,Street
    theme
    Everyday Life ,Racial Identity ,Community Life ,Family ,Urban Life ,Human Connection ,Children
    technique
    Black-and-White ,Sequential Imaging ,Soft Contrast ,Unposed Subjects ,Natural Light ,Spontaneous Composition ,Close-Up ,Elevated Viewpoint
    influence
    Humanist Photography ,Poetic Realism ,Vernacular Photography
    period
    1940s ,1950s
    location
    United States

    Credits: A limited image selection is reproduced for analysis, commentary, and research under Article 24(1)(3) of the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act. Suggest an Edit

    The Sweet Flypaper of Life

    • Roy DeCarava (1919-2009)

    Harlem community and family life in the late 1940s and early 1950s, presented through black-and-white photographs and fictional narration.

    Description

    The Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographed by Roy DeCarava in Harlem from the late 1940s through the early 1950s and published with a narrative by Langston Hughes in 1955, portrays Black family and community life.


    DeCarava conceived the Harlem photographs as a creative expression rather than a sociological survey. He sought to represent the strength, wisdom, and dignity of unnamed residents through work, domestic life, recreation, and neighborhood relationships. Made amid segregation, economic inequality, and the cultural legacy of the Great Migration, the project acknowledges hardship without reducing its subjects to social conditions.


    Black-and-white photographs follow residents through apartments, stoops, sidewalks, subways, parks, stores, vacant lots, parties, and political gatherings. Distant views position figures within Harlem's streets and architecture, while closer frames emphasize posture, gesture, and relationships. Compressed compositions, silhouettes, stillness, and simplified backgrounds recur throughout. Subtle gray tonalities and a narrow, deep-toned range preserve detail within shadows rather than producing stark contrast.


    The photographs emerged from DeCarava's hand-camera practice and his daily movement through Harlem, alongside repeated visits with local families. A 1952 Guggenheim Fellowship allowed him to leave commercial illustration for a year of concentrated photography. He worked in an improvised darkroom and printed his own photographs, with his practice characterized by the use of natural light and close control over the printing process.


    The Guggenheim Fellowship was the first awarded to an African American photographer. Before the book appeared, Shirley Embracing Sam was included in MoMA's 1955 exhibition The Family of Man. The publication received early commercial and critical attention and was later reissued in several languages and editions. Photographs from the book appeared in MoMA's 1996 traveling DeCarava retrospective, while Duke University Libraries presented the complete facsimile sequence in 2019. The 2018 Heritage Edition received a Paris Photo-Aperture PhotoBook Awards Jurors' Special Mention. Later scholarship has situated the work as an early precedent in Black photographic publishing and as a sustained model for the collaborative photo-text book.

    Behind the work

    The book grew out of a body of Harlem photographs that DeCarava had made over several years. After unsuccessfully seeking a publisher for the photographs, he contacted Langston Hughes in the summer of 1954 and showed him the work. Hughes then selected and sequenced the images, secured a publishing contract, and wrote the fictional narrative that shaped them into the collaborative photo-text book published in 1955.

    For the book, DeCarava gave Hughes about 500 photographs and unprecedented freedom to choose and order them. Hughes selected and sequenced the final images.

    DeCarava’s $3,500 Guggenheim Fellowship, paid in installments from April 1952, was less than his annual illustrator’s salary but let him leave that job for a full year of photography.

    The domestic photographs grew from repeated time with two Harlem families—the Murphys, with two children, and the Jameses, with five—rather than from one-off visits.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "I want to show the strength, the wisdom, the dignity of the Negro people. Not the famous and the well known, but the unknown and the unnamed."

    "The people in these photographs had no walls up. They just accepted me and permitted me to take their photographs without any self-consciousness."

    "I want to photograph Harlem through the Negro people."

    "I do not want a documentary or sociological statement—I want a creative expression."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Documentary ,Portrait ,Urban ,Street
    theme
    Everyday Life ,Racial Identity ,Community Life ,Family ,Urban Life ,Human Connection ,Children
    technique
    Black-and-White ,Sequential Imaging ,Soft Contrast ,Unposed Subjects ,Natural Light ,Spontaneous Composition ,Close-Up ,Elevated Viewpoint
    influence
    Humanist Photography ,Poetic Realism ,Vernacular Photography
    period
    1940s ,1950s
    location
    United States

    Credits: A limited image selection is reproduced for analysis, commentary, and research under Article 24(1)(3) of the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act. Suggest an Edit

    Joe and Julia singing, 1953 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Shirley Embracing Sam, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Man sitting on stoop with baby, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    David, New York, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    David, New York, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Woman walking above, New York, 1950 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Woman seated at window, 1953 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Boy walking between cars, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Boy, Woman's Hand on Shoulder, 1952 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava
    Graduation, 1949 © The Estate of Roy DeCarava

    Books

    upscaled cover image undefined
    The Sweet Flypaper of Life
    • David Zwirner Books, 2018
    cover image undefined
    The Sweet Flypaper of Life
    • Howard University Press (HUP), 1984
    upscaled cover image undefined
    The Sweet Flypaper of Life
    • Hill and Wang, 1967
    upscaled cover image 9781644230251
    Roy DeCarava: Light Break
    • David Zwirner Books, 2019
    imgi 123 41HEI0+ymkL. AC UF1000,1000 QL80
    Roy Decarava: A Retrospective
    • MOMA, 1996

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