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The Encyclopedia of the Art of Photography

    Forms of Japan

    • Michael Kenna (1953)

    Japanese landscapes and spiritual sites, rendered in black-and-white analogue photography through long exposures and wet-darkroom printing.

    Description

    Forms of Japan by British photographer Michael Kenna brings together black-and-white studies of landscapes, spiritual sites, weather, and traces of human presence across Japan. Kenna first photographed in the country in 1987, after a Tokyo exhibition invitation led him to shrines and temples in Kyoto and Nara. From 2001, he undertook more extensive and repeated photographic journeys across Japan’s major islands, developing the body of work eventually assembled into the 2015 book of 240 photographs and related exhibitions.


    The project examines absence, memory, transience, and the relationship between natural form and human meaning. Kenna rarely includes people, attending instead to temples, cemeteries, roads, barriers, and other sites where activity has receded but traces remain. His preference for suggestion over exhaustive description - he compares photographs to haiku - positions Japan not as a comprehensive documentary subject but as a field of partial encounters. Designer and writer Yvonne Meyer-Lohr later grouped the publication into Sea, Land, Trees, Spirit, and Sky, pairing images with classic haiku and framing them through isolation, strength, transformation, entireness, and elusiveness.


    That suggestive approach appears in predominantly square compositions: isolated trees against snow, posts crossing water, mist-obscured Mount Fuji, fishing structures, torii gates, Buddhist statues, empty temples, and eroded rocks. Broad fields of white, gray, and black reduce depth and detail, while clouds, water, snow, and silhouetted structures create a quiet, suspended atmosphere. Serial Study titles and return visits to individual trees and lakes emphasize variations in season, weather, and time.


    Kenna used manually operated cameras and black-and-white film, sometimes exposing for hours. His kit included Hasselblad 500CM bodies, 120 film backs, several lenses, filters, a light meter, and a tripod. He made his own silver-gelatin prints in a wet darkroom, generally on fiber paper and without digital editing.


    The first exhibition opened at Dolby Chadwick Gallery in San Francisco in September 2015, followed by presentations in Louisville, Mexico City, Seattle, Berlin, Lucerne, Tokyo, and Istanbul. Kenna received the 2016 Higashikawa Special Photographer Award for his Hokkaido sub-series.

    Behind the work

    The published book includes exposures explicitly titled Twelve Hours over Sea of Okhotsk and Ten Hours over Biwa Lake, reflecting Kenna’s practice of leaving manually operated film cameras recording accumulated light and movement for hours.

    While searching for the Wakoto trees near Kussharo Lake, Kenna first spun his car on ice and later ended up in a snow-covered ditch. Between the two incidents, he found the trees and subsequently returned to the site nearly every year.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "As a photographer, I like that I am suggesting. It’s like haiku poetry. I am giving a few elements, not presenting an encyclopedic vision with all of the details."

    "I don’t do any elaborate preparation before I go to a location. Essentially, I walk, explore and photograph. I never know whether I will be there minutes, hours or days."

    "I like to think I am having a conversation with whatever I photograph. I try not to steal an image, but rather acknowledge that a photograph is being made."

    "Japan lives within me. When I am not there, I think about when I will return."

    "The quietness is very much in the Japanese character, in the Japanese landscape, and in the Japanese soul."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Landscape ,Fine Art ,Nature ,Abstract
    theme
    Nature ,Natural Forms ,Temporality ,Seasonality ,Plants ,Bodies of Water ,Human-Nature Relationship ,Mystery ,Cultural Identity
    technique
    Black-and-White ,Gelatin Silver Print ,Long Exposure ,Slow Shutter Speed ,Square Format ,Negative Space ,Isolated Subjects ,Medium-Format ,Abstract Elements ,Tonal and Color Effects ,Geometric Composition ,Low-Light ,Aerial Perspective
    influence
    Minimalism ,Formalism ,Zen Philosophy ,Symbolism ,Subjective Photography ,Romanticism ,Wabi-Sabi
    period
    2000s ,2010s
    location
    Japan

    Suggest an Edit

    Forms of Japan

    • Michael Kenna (1953)

    Japanese landscapes and spiritual sites, rendered in black-and-white analogue photography through long exposures and wet-darkroom printing.

    Description

    Forms of Japan by British photographer Michael Kenna brings together black-and-white studies of landscapes, spiritual sites, weather, and traces of human presence across Japan. Kenna first photographed in the country in 1987, after a Tokyo exhibition invitation led him to shrines and temples in Kyoto and Nara. From 2001, he undertook more extensive and repeated photographic journeys across Japan’s major islands, developing the body of work eventually assembled into the 2015 book of 240 photographs and related exhibitions.


    The project examines absence, memory, transience, and the relationship between natural form and human meaning. Kenna rarely includes people, attending instead to temples, cemeteries, roads, barriers, and other sites where activity has receded but traces remain. His preference for suggestion over exhaustive description - he compares photographs to haiku - positions Japan not as a comprehensive documentary subject but as a field of partial encounters. Designer and writer Yvonne Meyer-Lohr later grouped the publication into Sea, Land, Trees, Spirit, and Sky, pairing images with classic haiku and framing them through isolation, strength, transformation, entireness, and elusiveness.


    That suggestive approach appears in predominantly square compositions: isolated trees against snow, posts crossing water, mist-obscured Mount Fuji, fishing structures, torii gates, Buddhist statues, empty temples, and eroded rocks. Broad fields of white, gray, and black reduce depth and detail, while clouds, water, snow, and silhouetted structures create a quiet, suspended atmosphere. Serial Study titles and return visits to individual trees and lakes emphasize variations in season, weather, and time.


    Kenna used manually operated cameras and black-and-white film, sometimes exposing for hours. His kit included Hasselblad 500CM bodies, 120 film backs, several lenses, filters, a light meter, and a tripod. He made his own silver-gelatin prints in a wet darkroom, generally on fiber paper and without digital editing.


    The first exhibition opened at Dolby Chadwick Gallery in San Francisco in September 2015, followed by presentations in Louisville, Mexico City, Seattle, Berlin, Lucerne, Tokyo, and Istanbul. Kenna received the 2016 Higashikawa Special Photographer Award for his Hokkaido sub-series.

    Behind the work

    The published book includes exposures explicitly titled Twelve Hours over Sea of Okhotsk and Ten Hours over Biwa Lake, reflecting Kenna’s practice of leaving manually operated film cameras recording accumulated light and movement for hours.

    While searching for the Wakoto trees near Kussharo Lake, Kenna first spun his car on ice and later ended up in a snow-covered ditch. Between the two incidents, he found the trees and subsequently returned to the site nearly every year.

    Quotes by the photographer

    "As a photographer, I like that I am suggesting. It’s like haiku poetry. I am giving a few elements, not presenting an encyclopedic vision with all of the details."

    "I don’t do any elaborate preparation before I go to a location. Essentially, I walk, explore and photograph. I never know whether I will be there minutes, hours or days."

    "I like to think I am having a conversation with whatever I photograph. I try not to steal an image, but rather acknowledge that a photograph is being made."

    "Japan lives within me. When I am not there, I think about when I will return."

    "The quietness is very much in the Japanese character, in the Japanese landscape, and in the Japanese soul."

    Tags and context
    genre
    Landscape ,Fine Art ,Nature ,Abstract
    theme
    Nature ,Natural Forms ,Temporality ,Seasonality ,Plants ,Bodies of Water ,Human-Nature Relationship ,Mystery ,Cultural Identity
    technique
    Black-and-White ,Gelatin Silver Print ,Long Exposure ,Slow Shutter Speed ,Square Format ,Negative Space ,Isolated Subjects ,Medium-Format ,Abstract Elements ,Tonal and Color Effects ,Geometric Composition ,Low-Light ,Aerial Perspective
    influence
    Minimalism ,Formalism ,Zen Philosophy ,Symbolism ,Subjective Photography ,Romanticism ,Wabi-Sabi
    period
    2000s ,2010s
    location
    Japan

    Suggest an Edit

    Kussharo Lake Tree, Study 1, Kotan, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002
    Tree Portrait, Study 1, Wakoto, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002
    Fierce Wind, Shykushi, Honshu, Japan. 2002
    Toya Lake Tree, Sobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. 2009
    Temple Pond, Sanboh-in, Koyasan, Japan. 2006
    White Copse, Study 1, Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Snow on Pebbles, Toya Lake, Hokkaido, Japan. 2009
    Two Piers, Imazu, Honshu, Japan. 2001
    Chikui Cape Trees, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002
    Taushubetsu Bridge, Nukabira, Hokkaido, Japan. 2008
    Forest Edge, Hokuto, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Tree and Mountain, Suizenji Joju-en Garden, Dumamoto, Kyushi, Japan. 2002
    Rising Sun, Wakasa, Hokkaido, Japan. 2007
    Twenty Sticks, Kohoku, Honshu, Japan. 2003
    Fifty Fences, Taisetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Kussharo Lake Tree, Study 2, Kotan, Hokkaido, Japan. 2005
    Foggy Morning, Shikotsu Lake, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Snow Covered Pier, Kiyohama, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Snow Fence, Shosanbetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Hillside Fence, Study 2, Teshikaga, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002
    Winter Seascape, Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Sadakichi's Docks, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan. 2012
    Five Poles, Tomamae, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Hilltop Trees, Study 1, Teshikaga, Hokkaido, Japan. 2003
    Dusk Island Shrine, Suttsu, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002
    Hashikui Rocks, Study 1, Kushimoto, Honshu, Japan. 2002
    Kussharo Lake Tree, Study 9, Kotan, Hokkaido, Japan. 2009
    Mt. Fuji, Study 1, Yamanaka Lake, Honshu, Japan. 2001
    Twenty One Fence Posts, Shirogane, Hokkaido, Japan. 2004
    Biwa Lake Tree, Study 1, Omi, Honshu, Japan. 2001
    Biwa Lake Tree, Study 2, Omi, Honshu, Japan. 2002
    Torii, Study 2, Takashima, Biwa Lake, Honshu, Japan. 2007
    Torii, Study 1, Takashima, Honshu, Japan. 2002
    Fifteen Poles, Yamanaka Lake, Honshu, Japan. 2001
    Hillside Fence, Study 6, Teshikaga, Hokkaido, Japan. 2007

    Books

    upscaled cover image undefined
    Forms of Japan
    • Prestel, 2015

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